surface electrodes  (ADInstruments)

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Aged gut microbiota promotes arrhythmia susceptibility via oxidative stress

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110888

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transplantation of gut microbiota from aged mice increases susceptibility to arrhythmia (A) Sample ECG traces of four different types of arrhythmic events: ventricular premature beats (VPB), ventricular tachycardia (VT), atrial fibrillation (AF), and atrioventricular block (AVB). (B) Summary the inducibility of VPB, VT, AF, and AVB in young and aged mice. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of mice that were induced into VPB, VT, AF, AVB following ISO treated ( n = 6/per group). Data analyzed by Fischer’s exact test. (C) Differences in heart rates, PR intervals, QRS intervals, R amplitude, P duration and P amplitude among young-young FMT, young-aged FMT, aged-aged FMT and aged-young FMT mice ( n = 6/per group). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. (D) Representative western blot and quantification of Cx43, Cx40, Nav1.5, Cav1.2, Serca-2A, Kv4.2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, α-SMA, GAPDH in ventricular and atrial tissue of young-young FMT, young-aged FMT, aged-aged FMT and aged-young FMT mice ( n = 6/per group). GAPDH was used for internal normalization. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. (E) Representative micrographs of Cx43 signal in ventricular and Cx40 in stained atrial sections visualized ( n = 6/per group). Cx43 indicates Connexin 43; Cx40, Connexin 40; ISO, isoproterenol; IL-6, Interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β.

Article Snippet: Surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was monitored by P3 plus (Data Sciences International), 1.5% isoflurane-oxygen mixture was anesthetized, and subcutaneous platinum electrode was placed on lead II.

Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Blocking Assay, Western Blot, Staining

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Aged gut microbiota promotes arrhythmia susceptibility via oxidative stress

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110888

Figure Lengend Snippet: Vitexin improved aged related arrhythmia through OLA1-Nrf2 signaling pathway (A) Experimental design for testing the anti-aging effect of vitexin on aged mice induced by 150 mg kg D-gal. (B) Sample ECG traces of three different types of arrhythmic events: ventricular premature beats (VPB), atrial fibrillation (AF), and atrioventricular block (AVB). (C) Summary of inducibility of VPB, AF, and AVB in vehicle, and vitexin treated aged mice. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of mice that were induced into VPB, AF, AVB following ISO treated ( n = 6/per group). Data analyzed by Fischer’s exact test. And differences in heart rates, P-R intervals, QRS intervals, and R amplitude among different group ( n = 6/per group). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. (D) The examples of HE, Sirius red staining in the ventricle and atria from different group of mice ( n = 6/per group). Scale bar, 100 μm. Viteixn attenuated fibrosis in aged mice measured by Sirius red staining. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. (E and I) Cardiac, serum, colon MDA, SOD and GSH-px levels were quantified using commercial assay kits. ( n = 6/per group). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. (F) Representative western blot and quantification of Cx43, Nav1.5, Cav1.2, Serca-2A, Kv4.2, α-SMA, OLA1, Nrf2, GAPDH in ventricle and atria in the four groups ( n = 6/per group). GAPDH was used for internal normalization. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. (G) Experimental design for testing the anti-aging effect of Nrf2 activator and inhibitor on aged mice induced by 150 mg kg D-gal. Summary of inducibility of VPB, AF, and AVB in vitexin, DMF, ML385 treated aged mice. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of mice that were induced into VPB, AF, AVB following ISO treated ( n = 6/per group). Data analyzed by Fischer’s exact test. (H) The examples of HE, Sirius red staining in the ventricle from different group of mice ( n = 6/per group). Scale bar, 100 μm. Viteixn and DMF attenuated fibrosis in aged mice measured by Sirius red staining. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Serum levels were quantified using commercial assay kits. ( n = 6/per group). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. (J) Representative western blot and quantification of Cx43, Nav1.5, Cav1.2, Serca-2A, Kv4.2, α-SMA, OLA1, Nrf2, and GAPDH in ventricle in the four groups ( n = 6/per group). GAPDH was used for internal normalization. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was monitored by P3 plus (Data Sciences International), 1.5% isoflurane-oxygen mixture was anesthetized, and subcutaneous platinum electrode was placed on lead II.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Staining, Western Blot

Journal: Cell calcium

Article Title: STIM1-Ca 2+ signaling in coronary sinus cardiomyocytes contributes to interatrial conduction

doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102163

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Surface ECGs recorded from cSTIM1−/− mice with (blue trace, middle panel) or without (red trace, top panel) intraperitoneal injection of 100 ng/g CCh. Bottom panel showed superimposed P waves from cSTIM1−/− mice at baseline and with CCh, indicating that CCh induced a wider and biphasic P wave from cSTIM1−/− mice. B. no significant difference in P wave duration from STIM1fl/fl and cSTIM1−/− mice (top panel). P wave duration significantly increased in cStim1−/− mice (n = 5) with CCh compared to STIM1fl/fl mice (n = 5, bottom panel). C. No significant difference in PR interval from STIM1fl/fl and cSTIM1−/− mice (top panel) at baseline. PR interval significantly increased in cStim1−/− mice (n = 5) with CCh compared to STIM1fl/fl mice (n = 5) (bottom panel). D. ECG and intracardiac potentials following rapid atrial pacing reveal induction of atrial fibrillation in cSTIM1−/− mice treated with CCh. A greater number of cSTIM1−/− mice were induced into AF compared to STIM1fl/fl mice (left). In addition the duration of AF was sustained for a greater period of time in the cSTIM1−/− mice (right).

Article Snippet: Surface ECG recordings were obtained with subcutaneously placed 29-gauge needle electrodes connected to a ML138 Octal Bioamp (ADInstruments Colorado Springs, CO) and a Powerlab 16/30 acquisition system (ADInstruments) in both forelimbs and hindlimbs to create a Lead I and Lead II configuration.

Techniques: Injection